{ "name": "Heat pump running cost by US state", "description": "Residential heating fuel prices and derived heat pump running cost for 51 US states and the District of Columbia.", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "source": "U.S. Energy Information Administration", "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/opendata/", "season": [ "2025-12", "2026-01", "2026-02" ], "retrieved": "2026-08-31T02:07:21.848Z", "url": "https://heatpumpmath.com/data/", "assumptions": { "heat_pump_hspf2": 11, "heat_pump_effective_cop": 2.6373, "backup_heat_fraction": 0.1, "backup_heat_cop": 1, "gas_furnace_afue": 0.95, "propane_furnace_afue": 0.95, "oil_boiler_afue": 0.83, "fallback_propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.9, "fallback_heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.9 }, "limitations": [ "Gas standing charges are not modelled, which biases every gas comparison in favour of gas.", "Propane and heating oil are published by PADD region rather than by state.", "Six states have no complete EIA December to February residential gas season.", "Heating degree days are census division normals, not state figures." ], "states": [ { "state_code": "AK", "state_name": "Alaska", "census_division": "PAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.25617, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.24847, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.5817, "propane_price_area": "United States average", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 3271, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 6.013, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09713, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04484, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10134, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.25617, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "AL", "state_name": "Alabama", "census_division": "ESC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.16083, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.58952, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.9017, "propane_price_area": "PADD 3, Gulf Coast", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 3118, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.965, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06098, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05709, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1139, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.16083, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "too_close_to_call" }, { "state_code": "AR", "state_name": "Arkansas", "census_division": "WSC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1247, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.88653, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.9017, "propane_price_area": "PADD 3, Gulf Coast", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 1909, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 1.937, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04728, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06776, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1139, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1247, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "heat_pump_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "AZ", "state_name": "Arizona", "census_division": "MTN", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.157, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.69945, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.5817, "propane_price_area": "United States average", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 4832, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.707, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05953, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06104, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10134, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.157, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "too_close_to_call" }, { "state_code": "CA", "state_name": "California", "census_division": "PAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.3274, "gas_usd_per_therm": 2.22404, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.5817, "propane_price_area": "United States average", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 3271, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.314, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.12414, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.07988, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10134, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.3274, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "CO", "state_name": "Colorado", "census_division": "MTN", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1645, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.02764, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.227, "propane_price_area": "PADD 4, Rocky Mountain", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 4832, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.691, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06237, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03691, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.08742, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1645, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "CT", "state_name": "Connecticut", "census_division": "NEC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.28123, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.65863, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.5703, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.785, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6022, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.969, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10664, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05957, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14015, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11235, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.28123, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "DC", "state_name": "District of Columbia", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.23863, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.52298, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.3637, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1B, Central Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.918, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1B, Central Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.592, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09048, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0547, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13204, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1163, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.23863, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "DE", "state_name": "Delaware", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.16633, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.58759, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.3637, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1B, Central Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.918, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1B, Central Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.071, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06307, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05702, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13204, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1163, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.16633, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "FL", "state_name": "Florida", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1558, "gas_usd_per_therm": null, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.435, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.535, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": null, "breakeven_ratio": null, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05908, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": null, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13484, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10493, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1558, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "no_gas_price_published" }, { "state_code": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.14087, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.50498, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.435, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.535, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.743, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05341, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05405, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13484, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10493, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14087, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "too_close_to_call" }, { "state_code": "HI", "state_name": "Hawaii", "census_division": "PAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.4147, "gas_usd_per_therm": 5.17454, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.5817, "propane_price_area": "United States average", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 3271, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.349, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.15724, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.18586, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10134, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.4147, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "heat_pump_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "IA", "state_name": "Iowa", "census_division": "WNC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.12723, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.00707, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6274, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.703, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04824, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03617, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.12723, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "ID", "state_name": "Idaho", "census_division": "MTN", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1219, "gas_usd_per_therm": 0.66506, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.227, "propane_price_area": "PADD 4, Rocky Mountain", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 4832, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 5.372, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04622, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.02389, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.08742, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1219, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "census_division": "ENC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.17087, "gas_usd_per_therm": 0.98136, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 5897, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 5.103, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06479, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03525, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.17087, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "IN", "state_name": "Indiana", "census_division": "ENC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.16053, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.01093, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 5897, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.654, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06087, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03631, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.16053, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "KS", "state_name": "Kansas", "census_division": "WNC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1461, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.27355, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6274, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.362, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0554, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04574, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1461, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "KY", "state_name": "Kentucky", "census_division": "ESC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.13637, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.2758, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 3118, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.133, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05171, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04582, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13637, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "LA", "state_name": "Louisiana", "census_division": "WSC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1263, "gas_usd_per_therm": null, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.9017, "propane_price_area": "PADD 3, Gulf Coast", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 1909, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": null, "breakeven_ratio": null, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04789, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": null, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1139, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1263, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "no_gas_price_published" }, { "state_code": "MA", "state_name": "Massachusetts", "census_division": "NEC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.30833, "gas_usd_per_therm": 2.49277, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.5703, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.785, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6022, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.625, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11691, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.08953, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14015, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11235, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.30833, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "MD", "state_name": "Maryland", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.20087, "gas_usd_per_therm": null, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.3637, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1B, Central Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.918, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1B, Central Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": null, "breakeven_ratio": null, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.07616, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": null, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13204, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1163, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.20087, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "no_gas_price_published" }, { "state_code": "ME", "state_name": "Maine", "census_division": "NEC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.31097, "gas_usd_per_therm": null, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.5703, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.785, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6022, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": null, "breakeven_ratio": null, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11791, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": null, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14015, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11235, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.31097, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "no_gas_price_published" }, { "state_code": "MI", "state_name": "Michigan", "census_division": "ENC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.19683, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.009, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 5897, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 5.717, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.07463, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03624, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.19683, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "MN", "state_name": "Minnesota", "census_division": "WNC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1511, "gas_usd_per_therm": null, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6274, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": null, "breakeven_ratio": null, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05729, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": null, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1511, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "no_gas_price_published" }, { "state_code": "MO", "state_name": "Missouri", "census_division": "WNC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1196, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.39441, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6274, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.514, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04535, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05008, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1196, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "too_close_to_call" }, { "state_code": "MS", "state_name": "Mississippi", "census_division": "ESC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.14373, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.33398, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.9017, "propane_price_area": "PADD 3, Gulf Coast", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 3118, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.158, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0545, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04791, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1139, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14373, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "MT", "state_name": "Montana", "census_division": "MTN", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.12987, "gas_usd_per_therm": 0.83928, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.227, "propane_price_area": "PADD 4, Rocky Mountain", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 4832, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.535, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04924, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03014, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.08742, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.12987, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "NC", "state_name": "North Carolina", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1393, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.71199, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.435, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.535, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.385, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05282, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06149, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13484, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10493, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1393, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "heat_pump_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "ND", "state_name": "North Dakota", "census_division": "WNC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.11193, "gas_usd_per_therm": 0.84024, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6274, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.904, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04244, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03018, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11193, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "NE", "state_name": "Nebraska", "census_division": "WNC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.11707, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.00964, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6274, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.398, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04439, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03626, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11707, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "NH", "state_name": "New Hampshire", "census_division": "NEC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.26373, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.83542, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.5703, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.785, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", 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"incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "NM", "state_name": "New Mexico", "census_division": "MTN", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1481, "gas_usd_per_therm": null, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.9017, "propane_price_area": "PADD 3, Gulf Coast", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 4832, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": null, "breakeven_ratio": null, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05616, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": null, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1139, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1481, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "no_gas_price_published" }, { "state_code": "NV", "state_name": "Nevada", "census_division": "MTN", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1373, "gas_usd_per_therm": 0.91803, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.5817, "propane_price_area": "United States average", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, 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"resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.28583, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "census_division": "ENC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.17473, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.12793, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 5897, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.54, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06625, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04051, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.17473, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "OK", "state_name": "Oklahoma", "census_division": "WSC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.12587, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.04082, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, 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2.01671, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.5703, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.785, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6022, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.395, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11469, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.07243, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14015, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11235, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.30247, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "SC", "state_name": "South Carolina", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1546, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.62295, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.435, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.535, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.792, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05862, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05829, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13484, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10493, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1546, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "too_close_to_call" }, { "state_code": "SD", "state_name": "South Dakota", "census_division": "WNC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.13117, "gas_usd_per_therm": 0.94793, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6274, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.055, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04974, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03405, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13117, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "TN", "state_name": "Tennessee", "census_division": "ESC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", 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"season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.157, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.55738, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.435, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.535, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.954, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05953, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05594, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13484, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10493, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.157, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "too_close_to_call" }, { "state_code": "VT", "state_name": "Vermont", "census_division": "NEC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.2326, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.56445, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.5703, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.785, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1A, New England", "annual_heating_degree_days": 6022, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.357, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0882, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05619, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14015, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11235, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.2326, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "WA", "state_name": "Washington", "census_division": "PAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1375, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.61395, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.5817, "propane_price_area": "United States average", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 3271, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 2.497, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05214, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05797, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10134, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1375, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "heat_pump_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "WI", "state_name": "Wisconsin", "census_division": "ENC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.1826, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.18611, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.1093, "propane_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.3037, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 2, Midwest", "annual_heating_degree_days": 5897, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 4.512, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.06924, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0426, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.0828, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.09806, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.1826, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "WV", "state_name": "West Virginia", "census_division": "SAC", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.14597, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.19222, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 3.435, "propane_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.535, "heating_oil_price_area": "PADD 1C, Lower Atlantic", "annual_heating_degree_days": 2376, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.588, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.05535, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04282, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.13484, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.10493, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.14597, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" }, { "state_code": "WY", "state_name": "Wyoming", "census_division": "MTN", "season": "2025-12 2026-01 2026-02", "electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.12907, "gas_usd_per_therm": 1.00161, "propane_usd_per_gallon": 2.227, "propane_price_area": "PADD 4, Rocky Mountain", "heating_oil_usd_per_gallon": 3.8207, "heating_oil_price_area": "United States average", "annual_heating_degree_days": 4832, "electricity_to_gas_ratio": 3.777, "breakeven_ratio": 2.7761, "heat_pump_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.04894, "gas_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.03598, "propane_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.08742, "heating_oil_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.11341, "resistance_usd_per_kwh_heat": 0.12907, "verdict_vs_gas_furnace": "incumbent_cheaper" } ] }